Traditional Marketing And Advertisement And Social Media

Traditional Marketing and Advertisement and Social Media What is a product without a voice? When a product is created, marketing and adverting is the best way gain recognition; whether it’s tangible or intangible. Traditional marketing and advertisement didn’t have social media’s enhancements and access to broader markets. Social media has not only enhanced traditional marketing but it also has saved many organizations money. According to Safko, (2013) â€Å"We all know that Traditional marketing media is expensive. One of the biggest surprises most new businesses have is the cost of doing a simple print piece, such as a brochure or a postcard sent to people in a given geographic area. Seldom do businesses allocate enough money to do adequate marketing, resulting in failure to build much name recognition or brand image† (para 7). Social media has allowed for organizations to increase their branding through ads and marketing strategies. In doing so it has saved them time and money. Traditional Marketing The key objective of marketing and ads is to get the consumer to purchase a product or service but to also keep cost down. Traditional marketing is expensive and if you want results you have to pay for it. According to Safko (2013), â€Å"In the world of traditional media, you most often pay for eyeballs or impressions. The more people you want to reach, the more it will cost you. Consider all the costs that go into planning a traditional marketing campaign—money you haveShow MoreRelatedHow Social Media Has Changed The Way Of Marketing948 Words   |  4 PagesSocial media has become a valuable tool for various types of activities, but most importantly for marketing and its connection with consumers, organizations and brands. Technology has drastically changed the way marketing has always been remembered. 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Twitter alone has 284 million monthly users, supports over 35 different languages and a gigantic 500 million tweets are sentRead MoreIntegrating Social Media Into Traditional Marketing1400 Words   |  6 PagesUnit 2 Assignment Integrating Social Media into Traditional Marketing 12/12/2012 Abstract Effective marketing is a requirement for successful market saturation. There are many marketing avenues available for companies to utilize including social media. Most companies use a variety of advertising outlets at once to reach a larger audience; this is called a media mix (Cadotte, 2003). Social media trends have grown tremendously overRead MoreSocial Media Into Traditional Marketing And Advertising Campaigns1507 Words   |  7 PagesEffective marketing and advertising strategy is a necessity in order to have successful saturation in the market. There are numerous marketing strategies at the disposal of companies to use, including, but not limited to social media. Trends in social media have grown exponentially over the past few years and many companies nowadays are utilizing this marketing strategy to their advantage. This paper will focus on leading edge trends in integrating social media into traditional marketing and advertisingRead MoreHow Social Media Should Be In tegrated into DATTA Inc.’s Marketing Plan1694 Words   |  7 Pageseffective marketing strategy is important requirement in order to saturate the market successfully. Social media is one of the many varieties of advertising outlets a company can use. A company needs to have a strong advertising plan in place, use a variety of outlets, and know when and where the media will run, otherwise known as the media mix (Cadotte, 2003 p.165). Social Media has grown as an outlet for marketing over the last few years and will continue to grow as the social media outlets growRead MoreThe Impact Of Social Media On Marketing1340 Words   |  6 Pagesdrastically changed the marketing field. The 21st century was revolutionary for the development of social media. With the expansion of social media, the marketing world needed to successfully reach a new audience. Before the advances in technology, marketers had no interaction with their customers. The marketers would simply throw advertisem ents in the face of the consumers. This strategy would result in short-term results and give businesses no true way to measure their work. Social media gave marketersRead MoreIntroduction.The Concept Of Integrated Marketing Communication1708 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The concept of Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) focuses on merging or linking all forms of communications together in a pact. The concept is critical in the promotion, advertisement and brand building of goods and services at the marketing arena. The merging of promotional tools and use of lined communication approach is essential to the success of every sales and marketing companies. The chief aim is to excite and lure the customers to buy one s goods (Bruce and PetersRead MoreAnalysis Of Lila Restaurant At Caulfield Victoria1737 Words   |  7 Pagesno artificial colors, no chemical additions and they want to know the detailed composition of the production process. These factors are relevant to the restaurant business operation process as they impact on the production and marketing strategies used in the future. ï‚ § social and cultural factors: Australian and Melbourne is an immigrant country and city. With all the people from the different cultural background brining in different food and cuisine, people are exposed with all the varieties of foodRead MoreAdvertising Decline. In 1994, Rust And Oliver Predicted1124 Words   |  5 PagesU.S. digital advertising sales are projected to surpass traditional TV for the first time according to eMarketer. As a result, the way business is conducted will cause a massive shift in the way businesses advertise. The U.S Media Ad Spending trends show that print represented 17.4% of advertising dollars, television 39.1% and Digital 28.3% in 2014 (eMarketer, 2016). However, digital advertising increased 4.3% to account for 32.6% of media ad spending the following year. In 2015, digital advertisingRead MoreThe Impact Of Marketing On The Marketing Sector Upon Graduation1498 Words   |  6 PagesIn my current degree I have found the Marketing module most interesting, it explores the role of marketing in current economic trend and how it could be a crucial factor in regard of consumer spending. Developing plans and strategies for marketing has been more challenging than ever, I find the social media marketing particularly interesting as people spend many hours on social media platform; the mechanics involved can provide a in depth explanation as to the consumer culture and spending trend

Living Life to Its Fullest--Andrew Marvell’s Poem, “to His...

Living Life to its Fullest â€Å"Carpe diem† is a Latin phrase that is commonly translated as â€Å"seize the day.† Many poems contain ideas that are similar to that of carpe diem. They discuss how one must cherish every moment of his or her life because life is limited and will eventually come to an end. Andrew Marvell’s poem, â€Å"To His Coy Mistress,† is an example of a carpe diem themed poem. Through the use of invigorating imagery, multiple tones, and thought-provoking metaphors Marvell develops an allegory for living every second of life to its fullest. Marvell uses visual imagery to advocate the idea that every life is limited and must come to an end. Imagery such as â€Å"My echoing song; then worms shall try† (Marvell 27) makes one†¦show more content†¦This metaphor is emphasizing the idea that if one waits to long to take action then he or she may lose the chance to act on his or her desires. Furthermore, a metaphor that r eveals the brevity of life is â€Å"Thus, though we cannot make our sun / Stand still, yet we will make it run† (Marvell 45-46). This metaphor describes how time is always moving. It is expressing the idea that one needs to make the most out of the time he or she has because time itself cannot be stopped. Marvell’s poem expresses the idea of carpe diem through the utilization of imagery, multiple tones and metaphors. He uses death as an argument for carpe diem because it causes one to realize that they should cherish the life they have now before it is too late. â€Å"To His Coy Mistress† shows that the society of Marvell’s time did not allow for people to take chances in their lives. Many people may have passed on taking certain risks in their lives, and when the time did come for their lives to end, they were filled with thoughts containing wishes of taking those risks they passed over. This poem teaches people to fully live every moment in their life and it should be read so that people can learn to live life with no regrets. Works Cited Marvell, Andrew. To His Coy Mistress. The Hudson Book of Poetry: 150 Poems worth Reading. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2002. 17-18.Show MoreRelated To His Coy Mistress by Andrew Marvell Essay877 Words   |  4 PagesTo His Coy Mistress by Andrew Marvell Andrew Marvell is considered a cavalier poet. He writes seduction poems that represent characteristics of cavalier poets through use of clever, witty, and developed lyrics. Marvells To His Coy Mistress is a seduction poem that contains these elements along with the use of rhyme, meter, imagery, and tone. Marvell creates a seduction poem that argues the desire for sexual gratification with a distinct aggressive tone. To begin with the speaker in theRead MoreEssay on The Four Periods of Literature1518 Words   |  7 Pagescommunication methods used. There are four major literary time periods, the values of each of these, and their authors will be discussed. The first time period is authors who rejoiced in the basic joys of life. The next period saw authors realizing that life is short and must be enjoyed to the fullest. The third period influenced authors to begin taking new roads and creating literature that had never before existed. The fourth and final period in the discussion, men began to realize the destructive

The Audit of Wages Global

Question: Discuss about The Audit of Wages for Global. Answer: Case 1 The auditor are expected to test the authenticity of the transactions that haven been booked in the accounts book. They are likely to use their judgment and carry out necessary tests to determine the reliability of the transactions. If while carrying out the audit procedure, they came across with some suspicion, they are expected to extend their audit procedure and are expected to carry out necessary substantive tests in this regards. In the given case, the auditor Robert Smith determined that few of the company accounts are having low risk of material misstatement. He has conducted necessary tests and noticed that the controls placed by the company are reliable. However, the auditor of the company decided to carry out certain audit test procedure to develop some additional sense of reliability on these accounts. Wages and Salaries: The wages and salaries section of the company takes over the major section of the expenses within the company. While carrying our audit of this section, the auditor needs to be very cautious. In this section, the role of internal controls that has been placed within the company plays a vital role. The auditor in this case should first select two random months and obtain salaries and wages register from the payroll department. He is likely to tally the salaries expenses that have been booked in the payroll expenses account with that to the payroll register. He should further ask the management to prepare necessary reconciliation to identify the gap if there is any, in the payroll register and the amount that has been booked in the expenses. He should test check the wages of the employees who are been paid for their hourly services from the clock records and ensure that the same has been correctly calculated. Every employee that is working within the company has a w ritten agreement with the company. The auditor can cross check the terms of the agreement for sample employees and ensure that the payment that has been made to them is as per the agreement. The gross pay that has been paid to the employees tie back to the agreement and only statutory dues if nay should be deducted from the same. Further, it is important for the company to deposit the statutory dues collection that they have made from the employees within the time frame provided to them by the authorities. The auditors in this case should obtain necessary documentary proofs from the management on which they can rely for timely deposition of the dues from the management. Electricity: This is again being regarded as one of the major heads of the expenses. The auditor s in this case is likely to obtain necessary documentary evidences in the form of electricity bills from the management for the sample months and can cross check the amount paid in the books from these evidences. They can further cross check the units reflecting in the electricity bills from the internal units register being maintained by the factory foreman of the company. For yearend purposes, the provision for electricity booked needs to be thoroughly analyzed to ensure the basis which has been used by the management is correct or not. Repair and maintenance: This is the one of the heads in the profit and loss account in which there is high probability of making errors from the part of the management. The auditors in this case tends to be very cautious and test down the expense to ensure that only revenue expenses are charges of in the profit and loss account and only capital expenditure are capitalized and they will be eligible for deprecation. The auditor is further likely to extend their audit procedure to the completeness of the expenses head. He can select the top 5-10 line items of the expenses head and obtain necessary documentary evidences and obtain necessary reasons from the top management specifying as to why the expense changed to profit and loss account should not be capitalized. The auditor can further compare the Repairs and maintenance expense head for the current year with the last year and should ask the management to provide adequate replies for the material differences, if any. This will help th em in understanding the basis reason for the increase or decrease in the expense head. Case 2 Part 1 From the perspective of auditor materiality is a very important concept. The auditor needs to be cautious enough to test the materiality of the transactions and determine the areas where they need to be carry out their audit procedures and which area if found error, irrespective to the fact that the same is material or not needs to be reported. This material level is determined based on the planning materiality which is being determined by the company at the very beginning of the audit in order to note down the accounts that needs to be audited. Further based on the planning materiality, the auditor determines the threshold limit which provides a judgment call to the auditor. The threshold limit to determine by the auditor depends on the reliance which he has on the accounts of the company. If the company has better controls in place, then the auditor can prefer keeping a higher threshold else wise a lower one is preferable. In the give case, the auditor was carrying out the test for sales transactions. For audit purposes, the auditor has kept the tolerable limit close to 5%. He witnessed 3 errors during the course of the sales audit which neither individually nor in aggregate crossed the 5% limit mark. Being the same was below the acceptable limit the auditor decided to leave that apart and stated that the controls placed within the company were reliable. In this case, the auditor based on his past experience with the client has make out that the tolerable limit of 5% would be adequate for the company. This has been done with an intention to ensure that it is not possible for the auditor to report each and every error which they have noticed during the course of audit. The materiality aspect is very important. They are numerous errors which are very small in nature and if they are being corrected, it will not have any impact on the decision making of the shareholders. Thus, in that case materiality plays a vital role. The errors which has been noticed by the auditors of individually or in aggregate exceeds the tolerable limit which has been determined by the auditor in the very beginning of the audit, necessary adjustment needs to be made in the books. In that case, the same cannot be left unattended. In the given case, the errors noted are less than the tolerable error, thus rather than adjusting the same in the books they are left u nattended and it has been concluded that the controls has been placed within the company are adequate. Part 2 In the give case, the auditor was carrying out the test for Accounts payable. The total population for the same stands close to $5 million, out of which the sample which they have selected covers nearly 50% of the entire population. The tolerable limit that has been set up by the company in this case is 4%. During the course of audit, the auditor noticed that one of the invoices amounting to $102,500 for which goods have not been received till year end has been booked in the accounts payable. The auditor stating that the error noticed was less than the materiality limit set up by them, left the same unattended and concluded that the controls has been placed within the company are adequate. In the give case, although the error that has been identified during the course of audit is less than the tolerable limit but still the same cannot be left unattended. This error will not only have its impact in the current year but also in the coming years. Thus, in that although the same is less than the materiality limit, still the auditors needs to post some adjustment entry in the books in this regards. The auditor in this case should ensure that the inventory balance which has been overstated by this error would be reduced and brought down at the correct figure and the inventory in the corrected invoice should be booked as goods in transit in the books and the company should make adequate disclosure in the notes in this regards. In case of accounts, the substance rules over the legal form of the transactions. From the auditor presective, they are supposed to leave the errors unattended if the same are less than the tolerable error but evidently if it is logic allay incorrect the same needs to be adjusted in the books. References ACCA Global, The audit of wages, Viewed on 28nd May 2016, https://www.accaglobal.com/in/en/student/exam-support-resources/fundamentals-exams-study-resources/f8/technical-articles/the-audit-of-wages.html

Pilot Angels Scheduling System Business Case free essay sample

Executive Summary Pilot Angels, a charitable service coordinated by Huskie Air, works with hospitals, †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. The Pilot Angels Scheduling System (PASS) is an initiative to identify alternative solution to the current process and implement it successfully†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Project Goals The Pilot Angles envisions becoming a reliable provider of charitable transportation services in DeKalb area by increasing the number of patients served by 50% within 24 months, increasing schedule accuracy by 20% within 24 months, reducing stop-over to 3 for every 1000 flight miles within 12 months, reducing scheduling time to 2 hours from the time of request within 12 months and recognizing volunteer pilots who have contributed most amounts of their time and cost. Based on research, there were four potential alternatives 1. Continue with the current system. 2. Purchase an ASP service. There are many ASPs providing services at reasonable price 3. Purchase packaged software. There are several alternatives available at various prices and functionalities and 4. Develop a customized flight planning system. Based on the Total Cost of Ownership and Total Benefit of Ownership analysis, developing a customized flight planning and tracking system is recommended. We will write a custom essay sample on Pilot Angels Scheduling System Business Case or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This has high relevance to meet the organizational goals. Introduction Husky Air is a fixed base operator (FBO) providing a variety of aviation services in the Dekalb area. As an FBO, Husky Air provides: Business Jet, propjet, helicopter, and propeller aircraft charter, Aircraft rental Refueling Airframe, engine, propeller, and avionics maintenance Flight †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Pilot Angels, a charitable service †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ The current system that Pilot Angels use to co-ordinate the service is a paper based manual system. The volunteer pilot information is currently stored in folder. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Pilot Angels Scheduling System (PASS): Pilot Angels Scheduling System (PASS) is an initiative to evaluate the need for a new system and evaluate alternatives for the existing one. The main objective of this would be to evaluate alternatives and identify a replacement to the current system †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Desired Areas of Impact The MOV table below lists the potential areas that this project will impact and summarizes the measurable organizational value of the PASS. At an average the Pilot Angels serves about 100 patients per year. Pilot Angels want to move up the list of top charitable aviation transport services. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. This will enable the Huskie staff to schedule flights effectively by reducing the stop-overs from around 5 to 3 for every 1000 flight miles and also reduce the time wait between flights from 2 hours to ? an hour. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Desired Value of the project From the information we gathered and after careful analysis of the problem and opportunity, †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Alternatives Based on research conducted over the Internet OBC team identified the following four alternatives for the PASS. 1. Continue to use the current system. This will referred as Alt 1. 2. Utilize a packaged solution. Review of several scheduling solutions resulted in a clear choice of Flight Operation System (www. flightoperationsystem. com) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ a. ASP model: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. can purchase this service for $7,200/year †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ costs are at a premium of $55 per hour. . This will be referred as Alt 2. b. Individual product model: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Since this is a proprietary system the programming costs are at a premium of $55 per hour. This will be referred to as Alt 3. 3. Develop a customized flight planning and tracking solution which meets all requirements †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ The programming costs will be on a regular cost of $45 per hour since the skills required are relatively common. This will be referred to as Alt 4. Analysis of Alternatives The following section analyzes the alternatives Alt 1, Alt 2, Alt 3 and Alt 4 based on Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) and Total Benefit of Ownership (TBO). Total Cost of Ownership The following table analyzes the total cost of ownership for all the alternatives. PASS Total Cost of Ownership Resource Description Alt 1 Alt2 Alt 3 Alt 4 Personnel Time 8 hours of additional work for every [emailprotected] $25. 00 per hour 20,000. 00 5,000. 00 5,000. 00 5,000. 00 Communication Software Programming Training Hardware Support Maintenance Total 27,500. 00 20,700. 00 41,700. 00 31,450. 00 Table 2 PASS TCO Alt 3 has the highest TCO while Alt 2 has the lowest TCO at the time of start up. Since these amounts are only a snapshot figures, it is essential to look at some future projection before the system is finalized. Total Benefit of Ownership (TBO): In order to finalize the products the TBO is an effective tool. Table 5 lists the benefits required for PASS and rates alternatives which are weighted by their relevance to MOV. Benefits Weights Alt1 Weighted Alt1 Alt2 Weighted Alt2 Alt3 Weighted Alt3 Alt4 Weighted Alt4 Functional Track Pilot information 5 2 0. 1 7 0. 35 7 0. 35 9 0. 45 Track Plane information 5 2 0. 1 7 0. 35 7 0. 35 9 0. 45 Track Pilot / Plane association 12. 5 0 Track customer information 7. 5 2 0. 15 Track service information 12. 5 0 0 Match customer request 12. 5 2 0. 25 4 Usability User friendly 7 2 0. 14 7 Availability 8 2 0. 16 6 Phone availability 8 2 0. 16 6 Scalability 7 0 0 6 0. 42 7 Ownership 5 10 0. 5 4 0. 2 10 Security 10 10 1 5 0. 5 10 Weighted Benefits 100 2. 56 5. 90 7. 37 9. 15 It can be found that Alt 4 has the highest benefit relevance to the MOV followed by Alt 3 and Alt 2. The effective alternative can be identified by comparing the TCO and the TBO scores. The following figures compare the TBO with the TCO at the end of 5 years, 3 years and at start up. It can be found that Alt 4 has highest TBO score and has lesser TCO and is an ideal choice for PASS. These analysis indicates that Alt 4 has a high cost during start up in the long run proves cost effective than other alternatives. Required Funding and Support The start up investment for PASS is $ 31,450. This includes the development of the system, implementation and training. The support will be provided at the rate of $750 per year†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..

Free Essays on Bipolar Disorder

Abstract Bipolar Disorder is a mental illness in which a person’s mood alternates between extreme mania and depression. Bipolar disorder is also called manic-depressive illness. In a related disorder called cyclothymic disorder (sometimes called Bipolar III), a person’s mood alternates between mild depression and mild mania. Some people with cyclothymic disorder later develop full-blown bipolar disorder. Rates of bipolar disorder are similar throughout the world. At least fifteen percent of people with bipolar disorder commit suicide. Bipolar disorder is much less common than depression. Many people with bipolar disorder function normally between episodes. Medications known as â€Å"mood stabilizers† are usually prescribed by psychiatrists to help control bipolar disorder. In general, people with bipolar disorder continue treatment with mood stabilizers for extended periods of time. One of the most important thing family and friends can do for a person with bip olar disorder is learn about the illness. Never ignore remarks about suicide. It is important to note that most people with bipolar disorder- even those with the most severe forms can achieve substantial stabilization of their mood swings and related symptoms with proper treatment. Bipolar Disorder is a mental illness in which a person’s mood alternates between extreme mania and depression. Bipolar disorder is also called manic-depressive illness. When manic, individuals with bipolar disorder feel intensely elated, self-important, energetic, and irritable. When depressed, these individuals experience painful sadness, negative thinking, and indifference to things that used to bring them happiness Bipolar disorder is much less common than depression. In North America and Europe, about one percent of people experience bipolar disorder during their lives (J). Rates of bipolar disorder are similar throughout the world. In comparison, at least ei... Free Essays on Bipolar Disorder Free Essays on Bipolar Disorder Bipolar disorder is perhaps one of the most tragic mood disorders, because it virtually taunts with the affected person’s mind. Bipolar disorder, which is also known as manic-depressive disorder, is a mental condition in which the person alternates between feelings of mania and depression. The occurrence of bipolar disorder has been a mystery since the sixteenth century. History has show that this affliction can appear in almost anyone. Even the great painter Vincent Van Gogh is believed to have suffered from the disease. It is clear that in our society many people live with this disorder, however, we are still waiting for a definite explanation for the causes and a cure. One thing is certain about bipolar disorder; it severely undermines its victim’s ability to maintain social and occupational success in life. Because bipolar disorder has such debilitating symptoms, it is crucial that we remain watchful in the search for answers about its causes and treatments available. Bipolar disorder affects approximately one percent of the population (approximately three million people) in the United States. It occurs in both males and females. Bipolar disorder involves episodes of mania and depression. These episodes may alternate with profound depressions characterized by a pervasive sadness, almost inability to move, hopelessness, and disturbances in appetite, sleep, and concentrations and driving. Bipolar disorder is diagnosed if an episode of mania occurs whether depression has been diagnosed or not (Goodwin, Guze, 1989, p 11). Most commonly, individuals with manic episodes experience a period of depression. Bipolar disorder is characterized by a great deal of symptoms that can be broken down into two categories: manic and depressive episodes. The manic episodes are characterized by elevated or irritable mood, increased energy, a decrease in a need for sleep, poor judgment and insight, and often reckless and irresp... Free Essays on Bipolar Disorder I. After talking to my mother several times on the phone and in person, I have often wondered if she is bipolar. She would often have alternate moods of elevation and depression. I found myself asking the questions. What is unipolar illness? It is when the mood is depressed. This is more common than the bipolar illness. Bipolar disorders are marked by periods of manic, greatly elated moods or excited states as well as by periods of depression. Although the manic depressive psychosis may alternate from on of its phases to the other, on e other the other phase is usually dominant for a while. Depression is more often dominant than mania. Manic-depressive patients often recover spontaneously for periods of time, but relapses are fairly common. Most often this disease is genetic. II. Using the Medical and Health Encyclopedia, I found several definitions relating to this topic. I found that there are two types of bipolar diseases. Bipolar 1 and 2. Bipolar 1 is when a person experiences at least one and usually many more, manic episodes, alternating with episodes of major depression. Bipolar 2 is when the individual experiences periods of hypomania alternating with episodes of major depression. Then I found the word cyclothymia, similar to the bipolar disorder since it is characterized by mood swings from mania to depression. I did, however find differences. A person with cyclothymia can experience symptoms of hypomania but never a full-blown hippomanic episode. I a person with this disease is also never symptom free. Last, I found the word affective spectrum. This is when some people who have bipolar disorder (manic depression) or unipolar disorder (depression-only) has co-existing conditions such as migraines, attention deficit disorder, etc. These definitions have helped me to gain a clearer understanding of the different types of this disease. I didn’t realize there were categories. I just... Free Essays on Bipolar Disorder Bipolar disorder is a real medical condition that affects two million people in the U.S. This disorder was also known as manic-depressive illness. It causes mood swings from feelings of extreme euphoria or irritability to hopelessness. In each of these episodes changes a person’s energy level, thought process, and behavior changes. This can last for hours, weeks, days or several months. This disorder causes problems with work, school, relationships, and can often lead to suicide. In this disorder there are two poles: mania and depression. â€Å"Within the manic episode moods soar and minds race. There can be days with no sleep, and a vast overestimation of abilities. In the depressive episode there is feelings of fatigue, concentration is difficult, and there could be a loss of interest in activities. There are often cases of mixed episodes, in which the mania accompanies depression†(Comer, 2004). For each person the lengths of episodes are different, and patterns are not consistent. Episodes can last as long as hours or days, sometimes weeks or months. In most cases people will have a somewhat normal period called â€Å"eurthymia†. If a person has four or more manic or depressive episodes within twelve months, the disorder becomes more difficult to treat; this is called â€Å"rapid cycling†. Each of these two phases has separate symptoms. Along with the euphoric or irritability a person may have an increased sense of self-impo rtance, racing thoughts, agitation or restlessness, and unwise involvement in pleasurable but potentially risky activities. These symptoms describe the manic stage. In its counterpart, depression, people often find themselves having feelings of guilt or worthlessness, along with sleep problems, changes in appetite, sleep problems, loss of energy and fatigue, and thoughts of death or suicide. These are a few symptoms of the cycling between manic and depressive episodes. Doctors identify differe... Free Essays on Bipolar Disorder Abstract Bipolar Disorder is a mental illness in which a person’s mood alternates between extreme mania and depression. Bipolar disorder is also called manic-depressive illness. In a related disorder called cyclothymic disorder (sometimes called Bipolar III), a person’s mood alternates between mild depression and mild mania. Some people with cyclothymic disorder later develop full-blown bipolar disorder. Rates of bipolar disorder are similar throughout the world. At least fifteen percent of people with bipolar disorder commit suicide. Bipolar disorder is much less common than depression. Many people with bipolar disorder function normally between episodes. Medications known as â€Å"mood stabilizers† are usually prescribed by psychiatrists to help control bipolar disorder. In general, people with bipolar disorder continue treatment with mood stabilizers for extended periods of time. One of the most important thing family and friends can do for a person with bip olar disorder is learn about the illness. Never ignore remarks about suicide. It is important to note that most people with bipolar disorder- even those with the most severe forms can achieve substantial stabilization of their mood swings and related symptoms with proper treatment. Bipolar Disorder is a mental illness in which a person’s mood alternates between extreme mania and depression. Bipolar disorder is also called manic-depressive illness. When manic, individuals with bipolar disorder feel intensely elated, self-important, energetic, and irritable. When depressed, these individuals experience painful sadness, negative thinking, and indifference to things that used to bring them happiness Bipolar disorder is much less common than depression. In North America and Europe, about one percent of people experience bipolar disorder during their lives (J). Rates of bipolar disorder are similar throughout the world. In comparison, at least ei... Free Essays on Bipolar Disorder Bipolar depression, also known as bipolar disorder, manic depression and manic-depressive illness, is a form of a depressive illness in which mania and depression alternate. It is a disorder that affects over 2 million (1.2 percent) Americans and usually begins during adolescence (American Medical Association [AMA], 1998). It is often not recognized as a serious disorder, but in many cases it causes difficulty in occupational, educational, social life, and other important functioning. A person who has bipolar disorder swings between two extreme emotional poles- depression and mania. During the depression phase, the person will have the same symptoms as people with severe depression (AMA, 1998). Although the shifts of mood have nothing to do with daily activities, the symptoms may prevent the person from functioning normally. However, the All About Bipolar Disorder webpage (1995-2000), says that "increased stress and inadequate coping mechanisms to deal with that stress may also contribute to the disorder's manifestation." The cycles of mood shifts vary greatly in frequency and length. Some people may have several bouts of mania or depression in a row, some have them simultaneously and some have mania without depression (AMA, 1998). In some cases people never experience euphoria during mania, but go directly to a dysphoric state where their energy is boosted so they feel pressured in an uncomfortable state of mind. In other cases bipolar can have a triphasic charac teristic, where there is a brief period of depression, then a sudden swing into mania, then depression will set in again for a few weeks (Mondimore, 1995). Some may have mixed mood states. "In mixed mood states (also referred to as dysphoric mania) pronounced symptoms of both depression and mania either co-exist or alternate during different periods of the day." (Daly, p.1157, 1997). However, typical bipolar patients alternate mania and depression with euthymania (normal mood... Free Essays on Bipolar Disorder Anderson 1 What is mental illness? Mental illnesses are disorders of thought, mood and behavior that cause distress and reduce a person's ability to function psychologically, socially, occupationally and interpersonally. On mental illness that hits close to home due to a family member having it is bipolar disorder. Bipolar disorder is a disorder of moods. It is characterized by an alternating pattern of emotional highs (mania) and lows (depression). The intensity of the signs and symptoms varies. Bipolar disorder can range from a mild to a severe condition. For many, the manic signs and symptoms include feelings of euphoria, extreme optimism and inflated self-esteem, rapid speech and racing thoughts, agitation and increased physical activity, poor judgment and recklessness, difficulty sleeping and a tendency to be easily distracted along with extreme irritability. The symptoms and signs that come with the depression stage are almost the exact opposite. They include Persistent feelings of sadness, anxiety, guilt or hopelessness, disturbances in sleep and appetite, fatigue and loss of interest in your daily activities, difficulty in concentrating and recurring thoughts of suicide. Doctors and researchers don't know exactly what causes bipolar disorder. But a variety of biologic, genetic and environmental factors seem to be involved in causing and triggering episodes of the illness. Evidence indicates that differences in the chemical messengers between nerve cells in the brain (neurotransmitters) occur in people who have bipolar disorder. In many cases people with bipolar disorder may have a genetic disposition for the disorder. (National DMDA) Bipolar disorder tends to run in families. More than two-thirds of people with the illness have at least one close relative who has experienced either bipolar disorder or major depression. Researchers are attempting to Anderson 2 identify genes that may make people susceptible to bipolar ...

Useful Japanese Verbs

Useful Japanese Verbs There are two kinds of verbs in Japanese, (1) the be-verbs, da or desu, and (2) common verbs ending with the ~ u sound. As for the be-verbs (is, are, am), da is used for the informal present tense and desu is for the formal present tense. There is no grammatical subject-verb agreement in Japanese. Da is used for the present tense of the to be-verb (is, are, am) regardless of the person and number of the subject. For example, it is used in all of the following three situations like, I am a student (Watashi wa gakusei da), He is a student (Kare wa gakusei da) and We are students (Watashitachi wa gakusei da). Beside the be-verbs, all other verbs in Japanese end with the vowel ~ u. Japanese verbs conjugate according to the suffixes that is attached to the verb stem. Verb endings are changed to indicate past tense, negation, passive and causative mood. The rules for conjugation in Japanese verbs are simpler compared to some languages, such as English or French. The conjugation patterns are not affected by gender, a person (such as the first, second, and third person), or the number (singular and plural). Here is a list of the basic Japanese verbs and their pronunciation. I focus on the non-past tense in my list. It is the plain form that is used in informal situations. It is also the form listed in dictionaries. It is equivalent to both future and past tense in English. (there) is; be; havearu㠁‚ã‚‹ be (for living things)iru㠁„ã‚‹ do; makesuru㠁™ã‚‹ do; performokonauè ¡Å'㠁† make; manufacturetsukuruä ½Å"ã‚‹ be possible; ready; good atdekiru㠁 §Ã£  Ã£â€šâ€¹ beginhajimaruÃ¥ §â€¹Ã£  ¾Ã£â€šâ€¹ raise​okosuè µ ·Ã£ â€œÃ£ â„¢ continuetsuzukuç ¶Å¡Ã£   repeatkurikaesuç ¹ °Ã£â€šÅ Ã¨ ¿â€Ã£ â„¢ stoptomaruæ ­ ¢Ã£  ¾Ã£â€šâ€¹ give upyameruã‚„ã‚ Ã£â€šâ€¹ omithabukuçÅ" Ã£   finishowaruç µâ€šÃ£â€š Ã£â€šâ€¹ endsumuæ ¸Ë†Ã£â€šâ‚¬ advance; progresssusumué€ ²Ã£â€šâ‚¬ be late​okurerué â€¦Ã£â€šÅ'ã‚‹ increasefueruÃ¥ ¢â€"㠁ˆã‚‹ decreaseheruæ ¸â€ºÃ£â€šâ€¹ be left over; have spareamaruä ½â„¢Ã£â€šâ€¹ remainnokoruæ ®â€¹Ã£â€šâ€¹ sufficetariruè ¶ ³Ã£â€šÅ Ã£â€šâ€¹ lack; be short ofkakeruæ ¬  Ã£ â€˜Ã£â€šâ€¹ crosskosuè ¶Å Ã£ â„¢ goikuè ¡Å'㠁  comekuruæ  ¥Ã£â€šâ€¹ go outderuå‡ ºÃ£â€šâ€¹ enterhairuå… ¥Ã£â€šâ€¹ take outdasuå‡ ºÃ£ â„¢ put inireruå… ¥Ã£â€šÅ'ã‚‹ return; come backkaeruÃ¥ ¸ °Ã£â€šâ€¹ asktazuneru㠁Ÿã Å¡Ã£  ­Ã£â€šâ€¹ answerkotaeruç ­â€Ã£ Ë†Ã£â€šâ€¹ mentionnoberuè ¿ °Ã£  ¹Ã£â€šâ€¹ make noisesawagué ¨â€™Ã£   shinehikaru光る stand outmedatsuç› ®Ã§ «â€¹Ã£  ¤ appeararawareruç  ¾Ã£â€šÅ'ã‚‹ openakeruéâ€"‹ã â€˜Ã£â€šâ€¹ closeshimeruéâ€"‰ã‚ Ã£â€šâ€¹ giveageru㠁‚㠁’ã‚‹ receivemorauもら㠁† taketoruÃ¥ â€"ã‚‹ catch​tsukamaeruæ â€¢Ã£  ¾Ã£ Ë†Ã£â€šâ€¹ geteruÃ¥ ¾â€"ã‚‹ loseushinauÃ¥ ¤ ±Ã£ â€  look forsagasuæŽ ¢Ã£ â„¢ findmitsukeruè ¦â€¹Ã£  ¤Ã£ â€˜Ã£â€šâ€¹ pick uphirouæ‹ ¾Ã£ â€  throw awaysuteruæ  ¨Ã£  ¦Ã£â€šâ€¹ dropochiruè  ½Ã£  ¡Ã£â€šâ€¹ usetsukauä ½ ¿Ã£ â€  handle, treatatsukauæ‰ ±Ã£ â€  carryhakobué â€¹Ã£  ¶ hand overwatasuæ ¸ ¡Ã£ â„¢ deliverkubarué… Ã£â€šâ€¹ returnkaesuè ¿â€Ã£ â„¢ approachyoruÃ¥ ¯â€žÃ£â€šâ€¹ crosswataruæ ¸ ¡Ã£â€šâ€¹ passtooru通る hurryisoguæ€ ¥Ã£   run awaynigerué€Æ'㠁’ã‚‹ chaseouè ¿ ½Ã£ â€  hidekakureruéš  Ã£â€šÅ'ã‚‹ lose ones waymayouè ¿ ·Ã£ â€  waitmatsuÃ¥ ¾â€¦Ã£  ¤ moveutsuruç § »Ã£â€šâ€¹ turn; facemukuÃ¥ â€˜Ã£   riseagaruä ¸Å Ã£ Å'ã‚‹ go downsagaruä ¸â€¹Ã£ Å'ã‚‹ incline; leankatamukuå‚ ¾Ã£   shake; swayyureruæ  ºÃ£â€šÅ'ã‚‹ fall downtaoreru倒ã‚Å'ã‚‹ hitataruÃ¥ ½â€œÃ£ Å¸Ã£â€šâ€¹ collidebutsukaru㠁 ¶Ã£  ¤Ã£ â€¹Ã£â€šâ€¹ separate from; leavehanarerué› ¢Ã£â€šÅ'ã‚‹ meetauä ¼Å¡Ã£ â€  run into; meet by chancedeauå‡ ºÃ¤ ¼Å¡Ã£ â€  welcomemukaeruè ¿Å½Ã£ Ë†Ã£â€šâ€¹ send offmiokuruè ¦â€¹Ã©â‚¬ Ã£â€šâ€¹ take with; accompanytsureteikué€ £Ã£â€šÅ'㠁 ¦Ã¨ ¡Å'㠁  call; send foryobuå‘ ¼Ã£  ¶ pay; supply; put backosameruç ´ Ã£â€š Ã£â€šâ€¹ put; leaveokuç ½ ®Ã£   line up; queuenarabuä ¸ ¦Ã£  ¶ settle; tidy upmatomeru㠁 ¾Ã£  ¨Ã£â€š Ã£â€šâ€¹ collectatsumaru集㠁 ¾Ã£â€šâ€¹ dividewakeru分㠁‘ã‚‹ dispersechiruæ• £Ã£â€šâ€¹ be disorderedmidareruä ¹ ±Ã£â€šÅ'ã‚‹ be rough; stormyareruè â€™Ã£â€šÅ'ã‚‹ extendhirogaruÃ¥ ºÆ'㠁Å'ã‚‹ spreadhiromaruÃ¥ ºÆ'㠁 ¾Ã£â€šâ€¹ swell; inflatefukuramu㠁 µÃ£  Ã£â€šâ€°Ã£â€šâ‚¬ attach; turn ontsukuä »ËœÃ£   go out; put out; erasekieruæ ¶Ë†Ã£ Ë†Ã£â€šâ€¹ pile up; loadtsumuç © Ã£â€šâ‚¬ pile upkasanerué‡ Ã£  ­Ã£â€šâ€¹ press down; suppressosaeruæŠ ¼Ã£ Ë†Ã£â€šâ€¹ place (thing) betweenhasamu㠁 ¯Ã£ â€¢Ã£â€šâ‚¬ stick; paste onharuè ² ¼Ã£â€šâ€¹ put togetherawaseruÃ¥ Ë†Ã£â€š Ã£ â€ºÃ£â€šâ€¹ bendmagaruæ› ²Ã£ Å'ã‚‹ break; snaporu折る be torn; tearyabureruç   ´Ã£â€šÅ'ã‚‹ break; destroykowareruÃ¥ £Å Ã£â€šÅ'ã‚‹ get well; correctnaoruç› ´Ã£â€šâ€¹ tiemusubuç µ Ã£  ¶ bind; tieshibaruç ¸â€ºÃ£â€šâ€¹ wind; coilmakuÃ¥ · »Ã£   surroundkakomuå› ²Ã£â€šâ‚¬ turn; rotatemawaru回る hangkakeru掛㠁‘ã‚‹ decoratekazarué £ ¾Ã£â€šâ€¹ take out; outstripnukuæŠÅ"㠁  be disconnected; come offhazureru㠁 ¯Ã£ Å¡Ã£â€šÅ'ã‚‹ become slack; loosenyurumuゆるむ leakmoreruã‚‚ã‚Å'ã‚‹ dryhosuÃ¥ ¹ ²Ã£ â„¢ be soakedhitasuæ µ ¸Ã£ â„¢ mixmajiruæ · ·Ã£ ËœÃ£â€šâ€¹ extend; stretchnobiruä ¼ ¸Ã£  ³Ã£â€šâ€¹ shrink; shortenchijimuç ¸ ®Ã£â€šâ‚¬ include; containfukumuÃ¥  «Ã£â€šâ‚¬ want; neediru㠁„ã‚‹ ask for; wantmotomeruæ ±â€šÃ£â€š Ã£â€šâ€¹ show; indicateshimesuç ¤ ºÃ£ â„¢ examine; investigateshiraberuè ª ¿Ã£  ¹Ã£â€šâ€¹ make suretashikameruç ¢ ºÃ£ â€¹Ã£â€š Ã£â€šâ€¹ recognize; approvemitomeruè ª Ã£â€š Ã£â€šâ€¹

Marketing case study (analysis) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Marketing case study (analysis) - Essay Example Armed with his savings and determination, he ventured into business where there are only two players—Bullard, the market leader and another which is rumored to close because of bankruptcy. Before finally making up his mind to offer carpet cleaning services, he should have conducted a thorough environmental scanning in order to understand the risk associated with his decision. Looking at the situation of the industry, he should have noted that aside from the peak seasons where Bullard cannot accommodate all prospective customers (he actually knows that population triples in summer and doubles during winter) one firm might be enough to provide all the services for the entire Petoskey. Thus, he could have ventured in a more profitable industry or choose to offer services only in summer or winter. Secondly, he should have conducted a market research as to why customers are drawn to Bullard and why all his competitors fail to capture the customers. In order to compete efficiently, he should be able to pinpoint the success factors related to the business. Internally, Jim Services Inc lacks a comprehensive marketing strategy which will enable to differentiate it from Bullard. It should be noted that the firm launched is a copycat which did not strive to build its own image in order to snatch customers. What Jim did is to employ a â€Å"me-too† strategy by claiming to offer the same service as the market leader. In so doing, the company did not influence the customers to shift to its services but only becomes as a ready alternative when the market leader cannot accept other carpet cleaning services during summer and winter. Jim Services Inc could have differentiated itself through the provision of other value added or offering lower prices. After noting the factors which contribute to the failure of Jim, this paper recommends that his cleaning services be offered only during

Strengths and Weaknesses of Different Analytical Frameworks to Global Essay

Strengths and Weaknesses of Different Analytical Frameworks to Global Supply Chains - Essay Example This paper illustrates that in today’s competitive scenario, competitive advantage can be developed and customers can be satisfied through managing transportation, production schedules and plans, information flow and inventory. There are organizations competing on the global platform by collaboratively working with various international suppliers, outsourcing as well as marketing to consumers located across the globe. The global reality puts more emphasis on supply chain management to be successful. Global supply chains mainly focus on global business and there are different analytic frameworks that support the process. There is the operational and strategic way of thinking about supply chains so as to identify the appropriate mechanism in a particular context. For an entrepreneur or an organization to be successful, it is essential that innovation is incorporated into supply chains in order to achieve desired outcomes. This study will focus on three major analytical framework s related to global supply chains such as supply chain management, global commodity chains, and global production networks. Their respective internal strengths and weakness justify their suitability in a significant global business framework. When organizations get involved in supply chain they need to make effective decisions regarding ways of handling primary supply chain activities. For instance, Toyota is an ideal example when it comes to describing the concept of supply chain management. This company outsourced certain factors of a supply chain in which they were not proficient. Toyota was able to design a JIT system since it had a strong relationship with its suppliers. Often for an effective supply chain management, it is essential to have all components aligned with common goals and objectives. There are certain major strengths associated with supply chain management such as it enhances the level of profit margins. Due to supply chain management, an organization can coordina te well with its suppliers and end customers to achieve high margins of revenue. A supply chain management even facilitates less of time delays that help in sustaining business operations in a competitive environment. On the other hand, flexibility can be regarded as other strength of supply chain management.

Teacher Effectiveness Essay Example for Free

Teacher Effectiveness Essay In the initial perceptions report I selected confidence and patience as the personal attributes most relevant to effective teaching, and thorough subject knowledge and outlining clear and consistent expectations as the two most important classroom strategies to overall effective teaching. Various research studies into effective teaching have found that personal attributes, teaching and learning strategies and classroom management all play a significant role in overall teacher effectiveness. It has been found that teachers who exhibit socially just personal attributes such as care, compassion and empathy for all students are most effective. Teachers who are ? active in employing a range of teaching and learning strategies that are heavily based on student-teacher and student-student interaction are also found to be effective. In terms of classroom management, effective teachers are able to outline and stick to a clear set of high expectations for all students. These findings correlate with my initial perceptions to carrying degrees. While all the initial perceptions bear some relevance, generally speaking, factors and influences that make up effective teaching involve a much broader set of criteria than just patience, confidence, subject knowledge and expectations. The personal attributes of teachers is shown to be a significant factor in overall teacher effectiveness in a number of studies. Generally speaking, teachers who are socially just and have a genuine concern for all students have been found to be the most effective. This is a much broader conception of personal attributes than what was identified in the initial perceptions of teacher effectiveness, that of confidence and patience. The keen ambition to care for, respond to and develop the talents of all students is repeatedly referred to in studies as being a significant determinant of overall teacher effectiveness (Dinham, 2004, OECD, 1994, Batten, 1993). Such an ambition requires a number of personal attributes, one of which would include patience. In all teaching frameworks, teachers will inevitably face a range of abilities, skills and personalities. If teachers are genuinely committed to caring for and developing all students equally they will inevitably require patience each in terms of the rate at which students understand the concepts and information being presented to them as well as the manner in which students act and respond to both them personally and to the work they are presented with. However, while patience is a definite requirement in the care for all students, there is a broader set of attributes that are needed to achieve this ambition. Teachers who exhibit socially just attributes such as honesty, empathy and compassion are more likely to genuinely care for and develop all students, thereby making them more effective (Dinham, 2004). Significantly, these attributes will also play a significant role in providing a safe learning environment for all students, one of the three central components of the Quality Teaching Framework (NSW Quality Teaching Framework). Teachers who are reflective, willing and able to adjust and improve and to set an example of moral conduct for their students have also been found to be effective (OECD, 1994). A willingness and ability to reflect and adjust, as well as to provide a moral example for students depends significantly on the personal attributes of the teacher. Confidence is relevant to these attributes as in order for the process of self reflection and moral modelling to be successful, teachers must first be confident enough to engage in the process. For example, if a teacher does not possess confidence in their own moral beliefs and reasoning, they will be unable to model them for their students in any effective manner. However reflection and moral conduct requires more that just confidence. Ultimately it requires outward looking behaviour in an attempt to achieve positive relationships and a culture for success (Dinham, 2004). Specific teaching and learning strategies as they are implemented in the classroom bear a significant impact on overall teacher effectiveness. In terms of my initial perceptions report, thorough subject knowledge was identified as being of great importance for overall teacher effectiveness. The role and relevance of thorough subject knowledge is acknowledged as dependant upon overall teacher effectiveness to varying degrees (Darley-Hammond, 2000). The Darling-Hammond study (2000) found mixed support for subject matter knowledge as a determinant of effective teaching. The study showed that the greater time spent in teacher training courses and in subsequent professional development, on method areas and pedagogical development in specific methods, increased overall teacher effectiveness. While this doesnt relate directly to specific subject knowledge, content knowledge undoubtedly supports pedagogical knowledge, thereby making it relevant and influential. A student focussed, interactive approach that draws upon a range of specific teaching strategies is consistently found to be most significant in terms of effective teaching and learning practices within the classroom (Batten, 1993, Brophy and Good, 1986, OECD, 1994, Ayers et al. , 2004). Brophy and Good (1986) describe ? active teaching as being a central component of overall teacher effectiveness. By active teaching they are referring to an approach that relies heavily on student-teacher and student-student interaction, limiting the amount of time spent on independent instruction and unsupervised seatwork (Brophy and Good. 1986). The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Quality in Teaching, Paris Report (1994) supports this assertion in their report findings, stating that effective classrooms generally implemented teacher led activities with considerable interaction between the students and the teacher. Both studies acknowledge whole class discussion, closely monitored group work and effective questioning as part of the teacher led interactive approach. Each of these studies acknowledged class discussion and effective questioning as integral to the ? active teaching approach. Such skills involve the ability to effectively pose a combination of open and closed questions, questions that are based on recall and reflection and questions that allow for differences of opinion and interpretation in order to encourage meaningful discussion (Wragg and Brown, 2001). Such techniques allow students to personally engage with material, thereby making the work significant to students, one of the three components of the NSW Quality Teaching Framework. It is doubtful whether this would be able to be effectively achieved without a thorough knowledge of the content to which the teacher would develop questions and discussion about. Ayres et al. (2004) in their study regarding effective HSC teaching found that teaching and learning strategies that were dynamic and varying, for example lessons that progressed from presentations, to discussions, to interactive seat work and to some independent work, were found to be  effective. The study also found that the more effective teachers were willing to choose more difficult topic options and would change their chosen topics regularly. In order for teachers to effectively teach the difficult options, or continuously change their chosen topic in order to maintain their motivation, they would need to possess thorough knowledge in their subject. Therefore, while specific subject knowledge may not be an overwhelming component of effective classroom strategies, those that are deemed most effective would not work without the teacher first possessing thorough knowledge of their subject. Classroom management is the third component that is found to be most influential in overall teacher effectiveness. In my initial perceptions report I chose outlining clear and consistent expectations as an effective teaching strategy in order to increase the chance of student behaviour consistency. This initial perception seems to be supported by various studies regarding teacher effectiveness. The OECD report (1994) describes effective classroom management as providing a safe and orderly classroom where a set of high expectations are explained to and understood by students. In Margaret Battens (1993) study of individual Victorian teachers who had been deemed to be effective teachers, such practices as refusing to talk over students, carrying out outlined consequences such as giving more work to students who misbehaved and clearly and firmly stating to students to change their behaviour when they were not following classroom expectations, were often employed to manage an orderly and safe classroom for all students. All such strategies involve my initial perception of outlining clear and consistent expectations of students, and if carried out effectively, support the creating supportive environments element of the NSW Quality Teaching Framework. Effective teaching depends upon a broad range of criteria relating to socially just personal attributes, a broad ranging and interactive set of teaching and learning strategies and high classroom expectations. Within the range of this criteria patience, confidence, subject knowledge and consistent expectations undoubtedly bear some influence, however there are many other factors that also bear significant influence. References Ayers, P. , Sawyer, W. and Dinham, S. (2004) ? Effective teaching in the context of a Grade 12 high-stakes external examination in New South Wales, Australia, British Educational Research Journal, Vol. 30, No. 1 pp 141-165. Batten, M. , Marland, P. and Khamis, M. (1993) Knowing How to Teach Well: Teachers Reflect on Their Classroom Practice. ACER Research Monograph No 44. Hawthorn: ACER. (Chapter 3 pp. 18-33) Dinham, S. (2004) ? The Influence of Leadership in Producing Outstanding Schooling Outcomes in Junior Secondary Education, AESOP Report, School of Education, University of New England, Australia. Darling-Hammond (2000) http://eppa. asu. edu. epaa. v8nl Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development (1994) Quality in Teaching, Paris: OECD (Chapter 4: pp. 34-71). Wragg, E. and Brown, G. (2001) Questioning in the Secondary School, 2nd Edition, London: RoutledgeFalmer. (Chapter 3: pp. 27-39).

The New Deal Essay examples -- American History, Politics, Poverty

The New Deal was created to make the United States a more convenient country to Americans in need. It was created during Franklin D. Roosevelt’s first term of presidency in the year 1933. The New Deal was a chain of programs that were made to help the United States deal with poverty going on during that time. Poverty had a major affect on Americans; lack of employment, depression, homeless, and more. Many times families will feel like they were useless to their own family, because they couldn’t provide them with anything. According to Franklin D. Roosevelt (2009, para. 1), the New Deal was determined to three steps Relief, Recovery, and Reform; each one had their own significance. Like everything in history everything has a cause, therefore so did the New Deal. Sometimes the outcome of that cause is significant and carries down to different generations. A great example is the New Deal, because although the programs were done years ago some still exist today and many people benefit from it. The main cause of the New Deal was the stock market crash, which is known as the Great Depression. On October 29, 1929 also known as Black Tuesday, the world turned upside down (Charles Scaliger, 2008, p.34, para. 1). He says this, because it is the day the stock market crashed and everything started happening. There was a major increase in unemployment, lack of consumer buying, loss of homes, and farms as mortgages failed, and strikes and riots when workers could no longer earn a family wage (Phyllis J. Day, 2009, p.284). All of these outcomes from the crash affected not only the United States, but also the world, because no one had money to buy things to raise economy. According to Phyllis Day (2009, p. 284, para. 3), t... ...s and more. Although it served different races, racism was still a problem, because it was not forbidden to be prejudice, but just to avoid it. Basically the idea was do not get caught discriminating, which was not right, because many people of different color were in the same shoes like the others. An idea President Roosevelt had, which was the total opposite from President Hoover was control of production. The program National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) showed the major difference the two presidents had. While President Hoover believed in raising prices, so economy can grow, President Roosevelt believed otherwise. This program said companies were not to raise prices, just because economy was bad. Having this program lead to Unionization, because now the court was actually on the workers side, rather than the employees (Phyllis Day, 2009, p. 289).

Cola Wars Continue: Coke vs. Pepsi in the 1990s Essay

Question 1 The concentration producing industry has one buyer and through its value chain. Instead, costs for advertising, promotion, market research, and bottler relations were significant. On the other hand, bottling industry is the mid-way player in the soft drink industry. There are two suppliers and one buyer involved in its value chain (Exhibit 1). Whether two industries are profitable depends on soft drink consumption, which had increased for more than 20 years and plateaued in the 1990s. The economics of the CP and bottling is very different from each other in terms of number and size of rivals, and the scope of competitive rivalry. There are two giants competing head to head on the CP industry, smaller national producers, such as Seven-Up and Dr Pepper, are relatively trivial. There are a lot of players of same size in the bottling industry. Unlike the furious competition between Pepsi and Coke, no sense of competition can be felt in bottling industry. Reasons are that, first, Pepsi and Coke control the majority of bottlers in 1990s; second, intrabrand competition is restricted by the franchise agreement, which is protected by ‘Soft Drink Interbrand Competition Act’. From the view of capital requirement, it is easier for others to enter the CP industry than to enter the bottling industry, since comparing to $30-$50 million dollars requirement to establish a bottling plant covering only one 80th of ability to serve the entire US market, the requirement for one CP plant with a nation-wide capacity is only $5-$10 million dollars. In addition, brand loyalty is low in the CP industry since consumers are sensitive to price and there is little switching cost. There are many substitutes for soft drinks, such as tea, beer, and milk. There is no substitutes existing in the bottling industry, and no customer loyalty and switching costs for bottlers since they could only use packages authorized by the franchiser, which means no distributors can tell the difference of the same brand provided by two bottlers, and easily switch among different bottlers. Cost and financial structures of a CP and a bottler illustrate that high cost of sales is one of the major reasons behind the relative low profitability of the bottling industry. The ratio of cost of sales over net sales is 40% higher than that of CP. One possible reason is that bottlers heavily depend on CPs, and thus, CPs use bottlers to diversify expenses. Another reason is that bottlers hold much more inventory than CPs do since bottlers receive soft drink concentrates according to its processing capacity, while they sell products based on selling capability. Also, bottlers have plant and equipment that are ten times more than that of CPs, and a good will that is roughly 45 times more, which means that bottlers have to deduct more depreciation from gross profit than CPs do. One of the reasons why bottlers are backward integrated by CPs is that, as the Cola-war heating up, small bottlers were no longer able to handle CPs’ goals and thus they would not be chosen as Pepsi and Coke’s partners. Most of them were merged or driven out of the market by larger ones adopting the DSD method, which is the only delivery category that provides a positive net profit per unit. Other driving forces for Pepsi and Coke to integrate bottlers are that, by doing this, they can narrow down the number of packagers they deal with, lower costs of negotiation with bottlers, and set up barriers to find buyers for other smaller national CPs. Question 2 Bargaining power of buyers is the weakest competitive force for CPs. On the other hand, the strongest competitive force for the bottling industry is bargaining power of suppliers because of the interactional relationship between the two industries in question. Both of the two industries would like to weak each other’s bargaining power, however, CPs take the initiative in the negotiation. First, it is CPs who build franchise networks. CPs understand how the bottling process works, while the bottlers don’t know how to run a soft drink brand. Second, CPs negotiate with bottlers’ other suppliers to secure reliable supply, faster  delivery, and low price. Also, franchise agreement between CPs and bottlers has been becoming more favorable to CPs. So it is safe to say that bottlers have been affiliated to CPs to a deeper degree than CPs to bottlers. Finally, the bottling industry does not have giants who are able to penetrate into the CP industry. On the other hand, the CP industry has Pepsi and Coke to integrate bottlers. Threat of new entrants is the second weakest force for the CP industry. One of the major reasons is that it is difficult to access a bottler since like Pepsi and Coke are taking control of most of the packagers. Another reason is, although capital required to establish a soft drink concentrate plant with the capacity of serving the entire US market is low, costs for advertising, promotion, market research and bottler relations are a heavy burden and specialized know-how, such as brand management, is a natural barrier to penetrators. However, the fact that customers’ loyalty is becoming weaker makes the force not as weak as bargaining power of buyers. The bargaining power of suppliers to CPs also seems weak in the case since, as the advent of diet soft drinks, the expiration of the patent to aspartame, and oversupply of aluminum on the world market, suppliers to CPs are losing bargaining power. However, there is no detail of suppliers industry given to provide us with confidence to say that it is the weakest force. Threat of substitutes, and competitive rivalry among the incumbents are relatively weak for the CP industry. Comparing to its substitutes, such as beer, milk, and bottled water, soft drink is and will continue to be performing outstandingly (Exhibit 2). Type of competition in the CP industry is duopoly, two giants, Pepsi and Coke are competing with each other head to head. Other CPs are confined to a market share that is lower than 30%. The unsystematic competition makes competitive rivalry less intense when consider the industry as a whole. Threat to new entrants for bottling industry is weak since, unlike the CP industry, bottling industry has a high capital requirement, from $30 to $50  million, to build a plant of five lines with one 85th to one 80th of the national volume. There is even no profit margin for small bottlers because they are not big enough to be engaged in the DSD to make a positive profit. Bargaining power of buyers is the third weakest force for the bottling industry. To bottlers, they receive volumes of concentrates at the level of their processing capacity; while at the other end of value chain, number of cases they can sell depends on bottlers’ marketing capability. To retailers, they don’t have switch costs since Pepsi Cola from bottler ‘A’ is the same as that from bottler ‘B’. However, continual brand availability and maintenance is crucial to CPs, they don’t want to see that too much inventory held by packagers erode relationship with each other. So, CPs have to help bottlers work on marketing and how to deal with retailers. Threat of substitutes, and competitive rivalry among the incumbents are the weakest. First, there are no substitutes for packages. Second, there is no competition among bottlers in that not only is intrabrand competition restricted, but also competition among brands are concerned by CPs since the bottlers are heavily controlled by concentrate suppliers nowadays. Question 3 The reason why the Cola-War does not escalate out of control is that both of Pepsi and Coke understand the importance of keeping its rival alive. Strategically, they are vital to each other’s maintenance. There are three possible results of the Cola-war, monopoly, duopoly, and near prefect competition. All players in this industry are dreaming to be the king of monopoly. However, under current situation, it is difficult to defeat each other without harming themselves for both of Pepsi and Coke. Launching plans and actions aiming at eliminating its competitor will probably result in the third result, near prefect competition, in which the industry would only have players bearing the same size as nowadays Seven-Up and Dr Pepper. Obviously, duopoly is the best and easiest choice for the big two. First, as risk avoiders, they can maintain current size and dominant position in the market, keep small national brands at an inferior level. Second, they can keep business environment nearly unchanged. The duopoly situation has been lasting for more than two decades. It is the one they are familiar to. No matter whoever is driven out of business or both of them lose the dominant position, they have to re-evaluate the industry and re-plan their strategic plan. Third, they can lower the possibility of making mistakes by observing what each other are doing. Based on above reasons, Pepsi and Coke choose not to wage a war that is out of control. Methods Coke and Pepsi adopt to keep the war within ‘bounds’ are focusing on key success factors, following each other’s actions selectively, and realizing gap in international market. There are three KSFs in this industry, brand differentiation, relationship with packagers, and developing new beverages. Focusing on KSFs enable both of Pepsi and Coke stay in the right track leading to higher level competition of duopoly. Following each other’s actions selectively prevents them from distracting to dangerous actions. They both followed closely each other’s actions based on KSFs, such as launching marketing plans, vertical integrating bottlers, and develop new products. They also distinguish bad actions from good ones. For instance, Pepsi gave its employees one-day brake when it received the information that Coke decided to change its Coca-Cola’s formula. Pepsi has admitted that Coke is much stronger on international market. It is very important that it uses ‘guerilla warfare’ in selected international market instead a frontal attack with Coke everywhere, which would entrap Pepsi in the quicksands of international market. Question 4 Over the last century, firms specialized in tobacco, food, and restaurant, such as Philip Morris, Hicks & Haas, Triarc, R.J. Reynolds, and Cadbury Schweppes, tried to penetrate into the soft drink industry through purchasing small national CPs like Dr Pepper, Seven-Up, and Royal Crown Cola, however, few of them survived. Reasons for this fact fell with the faulty strategic planning process. Those who entered but do not end up with success failed to recognize three key success factors in this industry in the beginning, building brand recognition, developing packaging networks, and changing distribution channels. First, Pepsi successfully competed with Coke through adopting brand differentiation. In responding to Pepsi’s attack, Coke spent even more money on advertising, which gained two companies world wide fame, heated up the war between them, and shaped their capacity to remain as top players. However, other CPs did not cash in on the brand differentiation strategy, which can be illustrated by a compare of dollar amount spending on advertising by brand in the US. (Exhibit 3) Second, there was no evidence that small national CPs tried to secure packagers to build their bottling network. Instead, they had to resort to bottlers owned by Pepsi and Coke, while small bottlers do not have the capacity to handle national distribution. Costs for new entrants to maintain bottler relations or organize small bottlers are so high that may eat up gross profit. Finally, as discount retailers such as Wal-Mart and K mart prospered during the 1990s, CPs are facing pressures on lowering their wholesale price. Besides, it seems only Pepsi and Coke were involved in Door-Store Delivery method, CPs that sell products to private label and warehouse would be facing less distributors due to negative net profit/unit.

One Laptop Per Child Essay

1. Why are Microsoft, Intel, and other leading for profit companies interested in low-cost computers for the developing world? In 2005, Nicholas Negroponte, the founder of MIT’s Media Labs, announced the One Laptop per Child (OLPC) program at the World Economic Forum. The concept was simple and appealing. Innovate a $100 laptop and distribute it to children in the developing world’s governments. The vision was for bridging the digital divide between developed and developing nations. The OLPC was a nonprofit project for the developing nation’s school going students’ for their better education. The OLPC created buzz from its first day of announcement for its low cost and its non profit initiative for developing country’s children. Though the company like Microsoft and Intel is leading profit for organization they interested in OLPC project. Because the project was for the developing countries school going student who don’t have enough opportunity to learn like developed county’s children and don’t have ability to afford the technology device for higher price. So as the leading organization Microsoft and Intel have the social responsibility for the developing country’s children and they also see the opportunity to do social welfare with establishing branding in people minds. On the other hand the OLPC was started with their rivalry organization like Linux and Advanced Micro Devices (AMD). So if the OLPC project succeeds the organization like Linux and AMD can create threat for their leading monopoly business. So from their social responsibility point of view and for the marketing of their own brand names into people minds they interested in low cost computes for the developing world. 2. Do you agree with Negroponte’s decision to partner with Microsoft? Yes I do agree with the Negroponte’s Partnership decision with company like Microsoft which is very much trusted and reliable name in this computer sector for their operating system and software. The OLPC project was an ambitious vision for Negroponte to educate the developing world’s school going children by providing low cost laptop computer. As he announced the lap top will be low cost and price will be the $ 100 dollar for each so he uses the Linux operating system which is non-proprietary and available for free to anyone who wants to use. But it didn’t work, In 2008 OLPC faced disappointing sales because the country’s like Libya and Nigeria who pledges to buy about one million for each country’s people both backed off those pledges and the cost increase $180 to $190 range. So the brand name like Linux was not reliable for the mass population of the world and they felt insecure with that operating system. On the other hand some potential buyers worried about the lack of Microsoft’s windows operating system. So as the OLPC didn’t succeed the way it was estimated so Negroponte needed to collaborate with the Microsoft to increase its sales and add more customer satisfaction by the Microsoft brand name. 3. Assess the thinking behind the â€Å"give one, get one† promotion. Do you think this is a good marketing tactic? In November 2007, in an effort to increase production, OLPC announced the promotion of† Give One, Get One†. The OLPC team started this promotion to grab the market attention of their nonprofit ambitious project. Because prior to the initiative’s launch, the OLPC had been a fascinating demonstration of hardware and software ingenuity, but actual unit sales and donations had been far smaller than originally predicted. The G1G1 program was designed to change that, offering individual consumers the chance to buy two laptops for $399. Though the tactic of â€Å"Give One, Get One† is aggressive marketing strategies in order to gain market share and capitalize on its competitive strengths. Though the aggressive marketing tactic like Give one, Get One always not good for the all types of products. But the OLPC project had strong competent like Intel Classmate. So to grab the attention of mass people and gain maximum market share and achieve the goal of developing country’s poor children education this marketing tactic was good for the project. Because OLPC announced two weeks give one get one promotion first but for its huge response to the markets they increased their promotional offer time.

Free Essays on Herland

Gilman’s Use of Masculine and Feminine Traits in Herland Throughout the story, Gilman shows the ideas of masculine and feminine traits in the early 1900’s. The all women civilization she creates in the story certainly shows the effects of the early 1900’s society has on masculine and feminine traits. Her interpretations of society brings allot to question. The most emphasized is that how both men and women are looked at in her created society and of 1915’s society. Some of the traits that Gilman shows have gradually progressed since her time. Herland reflects on the conception of society’s idea of masculinity and femininity in 1915. During Gilman’s time in the United States, it was an on going epic of constant gain for woman’s rights. She had used her idea of the equilibrium between masculine and feminine traits. She did this by taking away both of the traits, making sure that everyone would be equal. She had thought that by only having women in Herland and taking the sex appeal away from society. These women have no clue of trying to impress the other sex . Nor do they have any clue of what women of that time were thought to do. In the article Sex Before Gender by Bernice Habusman explains it all. She discusses that when the men come to Herland they believe in the very feminine nature that Gilman finds so destructive. This is extremely true. The three men are shocked by their none feminine nature. Habusman goes on to explain that the men believe that they can make the women express t he feminine traits that the women express in their society. Here I think that Gilman is trying to show that men have a tendency to take control over women. What they have to realize is that it has been two thousand years since these women have not been familure with sex in general as with dealing with men I do agree with some of the ideas of masculine and feminine traits of the early 1900’s. What has to be rea... Free Essays on Herland Free Essays on Herland Gilman’s Use of Masculine and Feminine Traits in Herland Throughout the story, Gilman shows the ideas of masculine and feminine traits in the early 1900’s. The all women civilization she creates in the story certainly shows the effects of the early 1900’s society has on masculine and feminine traits. Her interpretations of society brings allot to question. The most emphasized is that how both men and women are looked at in her created society and of 1915’s society. Some of the traits that Gilman shows have gradually progressed since her time. Herland reflects on the conception of society’s idea of masculinity and femininity in 1915. During Gilman’s time in the United States, it was an on going epic of constant gain for woman’s rights. She had used her idea of the equilibrium between masculine and feminine traits. She did this by taking away both of the traits, making sure that everyone would be equal. She had thought that by only having women in Herland and taking the sex appeal away from society. These women have no clue of trying to impress the other sex . Nor do they have any clue of what women of that time were thought to do. In the article Sex Before Gender by Bernice Habusman explains it all. She discusses that when the men come to Herland they believe in the very feminine nature that Gilman finds so destructive. This is extremely true. The three men are shocked by their none feminine nature. Habusman goes on to explain that the men believe that they can make the women express t he feminine traits that the women express in their society. Here I think that Gilman is trying to show that men have a tendency to take control over women. What they have to realize is that it has been two thousand years since these women have not been familure with sex in general as with dealing with men I do agree with some of the ideas of masculine and feminine traits of the early 1900’s. What has to be rea...

Mezhirich - Paleolithic Ukraine Mammoth Bone Settlement

Mezhirich - Paleolithic Ukraine Mammoth Bone Settlement The archaeological site of Mezhirich (sometimes spelled Mezhyrich) is an Upper Paleolithic (Epigravettian) site located in the Middle Dnepr (or Dneiper) Valley region of Ukraine near Kiev, and it is one of the best-preserved sites of its type excavated to date. Mezhirich is a large open-air site where several mammoth bone huts with hearths and pit features were used between about 14,000-15,000 years ago. Mezhirich is located approximately 15 kilometers (10 miles) west of the Dnieper river in central Ukraine, located on top of a promontory overlooking the confluence of the Ros and Rosava Rivers, 98 meters (321 feet) above sea level. Buried beneath about 2.7-3.4 m (8.8-11.2 ft) of calcareous loess were the remains of four oval to circular huts, with surface areas of between 12 to 24 square meters (120-240 square feet) each. The dwellings are separated from one another between 10-24 m (40-80 ft), and they are arranged in a V-shaped pattern on the promontory top. Mammoth Bones as Structural Material The main structural elements of the walls of these buildings are stacked mammoth bone, including skulls, long bones (mostly humeri and femora), innominates, and scapulae. At least three of the huts were occupied at approximately the same time. About 149 individual mammoths are believed to be represented at the site, either as building material (for the structures) or as food (from refuse found in nearby pits) or as fuel (as burned bone in nearby hearths). Features at Mezhirich About 10 large pits, with diameters between 2-3 m (6.5-10 ft) and depths between .7-1.1 m (2.3-3.6 ft) were found surrounding the mammoth-bone structures at Mezhirich, filled with bone and ash, and are believed to have been used as either meat storage facilities, refuse pits or both. Internal and external hearths surround the dwellings, and these are filled with burnt mammoth bone. Tool workshop areas were identified at the site. Stone tools are dominated by microliths, while bone and ivory tools include needles, awls, ​perforators, and polishers. Items of personal ornamentation include shell and amber beads, and ivory pins. Several examples of mobiliary or portable art recovered from the site of Mezhirich include stylized anthropomorphic figurines and ivory engravings. The majority of animal bone found at the site are mammoth and hare  but smaller elements of wooly rhinoceros, horse, reindeer, bison, brown bear, cave lion, wolverine, wolf, and fox are also represented  and were probably butchered and consumed on site. Radiocarbon Dates Mezhirich has been the focus of a suite of radiocarbon dates, primarily because while there are numerous hearths at the site and an abundance of bone charcoal, there is almost no wood charcoal. Recent archaeobotanical studies suggest that taphonomic processes which selectively removed wood charcoal may be the reason for the lack of wood, rather than reflecting deliberate bone selection by the occupants. Like other Dnepr River basin mammoth bone settlements, Mezhirich was first thought to have been occupied between 18,000 and 12,000 years ago, based on early radiocarbon dates. More recent ​​Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon dates suggest a shorter chronology for all mammoth bone settlements, between 15,000 and 14,000 years ago. Six AMS radiocarbon dates from Mezhirich returned calibrated dates between 14,850 and 14,315 BCE. Excavation History Mezhirich was discovered in 1965 by a local farmer, and excavated between 1966 and 1989 by a series of archaeologists from the Ukraine and Russia. Joint international excavations were conducted by scholars from Ukraine, Russia, the UK, and the US well into the 1990s. Sources Cunliffe B. Upper Paleolithic economy and society. In Prehistoric Europe: An Illustrated History. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1998. Marquer L, Lebreton V, Otto T, Valladas H, Haesaerts P, Messager E, Nuzhnyi D, and Pà ©an S. Charcoal scarcity in Epigravettian settlements with mammoth bone dwellings: the taphonomic evidence from Mezhyrich (Ukraine). Journal of Archaeological Science, 2012, 39(1):109-120. Soffer O, Adovasio JM, Kornietz NL, Velichko AA, Gribchenko YN, Lenz BR, and Suntsov VY. Cultural stratigraphy at Mezhirich, an Upper Palaeolithic site in Ukraine with multiple occupations. Antiquity , 1997, 71:48-62. Svoboda J, Pà ©an S, and Wojtal P. Mammoth bone deposits and subsistence practices during Mid-Upper Palaeolithic in Central Europe: three cases from Moravia and Poland. Quaternary International, 2005, 126–128:209-221. Alternate Spellings: Mejiriche, Mezhyrich

Risk Management Overview Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Risk Management Overview - Essay Example Risk Management is a systematic process of managing risk exposures. Risk and uncertainties affect business and investment in a number of ways. There are two possible outcomes for the risks- may be gains or loss (Merna and Al-Thani, 2008, p. 4). Fig-1 gives background information about these two possible outcomes of risks. Risk management considers not only the threats but also the opportunities that are possible gains out of risks. Risk can be taken positively or negatively. Perceiving it in positive way will be an approach to manage it and if that it is done effectively, risk can be utilized. If it is ignored and no management activities are performed, it will bring loss instead of gains. An organization can be said to have good organization wide risk management system if its risk management activities are starting from the very starting point of the projects, if risk management is integrated with other managerial function and finally if all stakeholders are actively involved in the risk management processes (Cooper, Grey, and Raymond, 2005, p. 15). According to Culp (2001), risk management is an organizational process that is separated in to five general activities that are 1) identifying the risks and determine the tolerance, 2) measure risks, 3) monitor and report risks, 4) control risks, and 5) oversee, audit, tune and re-align the risk management process (p. 210). This is depicted in the figure- 2. Risk management process comprises of set of actions taken by individuals or firms as an endeavor to alter the risks arising from their business. Each stages like identification an control are ultimately a forward-looking process as the main target is to manage risks and thus to achieve overall business success. Risk management and its functional areas may deal with both insurable and non-insurable risks like risk due to bad management or risk due to fashion change etc. According to Merna and Al-Thani

Improvements of the marketing planning process in the pharmaceutical Essay

Improvements of the marketing planning process in the pharmaceutical company - Essay Example Product group should be appealing to the contemporary market. Assuming social responsibility, and employing competent and trained labour forces are also important. Production should be doen in compliance with the EU directives.More aggresive acquisition, promotion and advertising should be undertaken. Company Introduction ACTAVIS AD (formerly known as BALKANPHARMA) a generic pharmaceutical company was founded in 1999 due to privatizations of its three manufacturing sites at Dupnitza, Troyan and Razgrad, with a manufacturing tradition of half a century. It the Bulgarian branch of the MNC generic pharmaceutical group ACTAVIS HF (earlier PHARMACO). The group head quartered in Iceland has its operations in more then 25 countries. Actavis AD is the leading generic pharmaceutical company in Bulgaria enjoying substantial market share both in terms of value and volume. Currently operation and production have been segregated from marketing and sales and Actavis represents the marketing and sales aspect. The ratio of domestic sales and export sales is also significant (51%/49%). It continues to enjoy the traditional favored position both in the domestic market as well as in USSR. The entire capital and is owned by the mother concern and Actavis is the biggest tax payer in Bulgaria. It is the driving force in th e Bulgarian domestic pharmaceutical market. Several restructuring has taken place to divert it focus from the safe and closed market to the more competitive open market. Ongoing efforts to incorporate the Good Manufacturing Practices into its manufacturing facilities are on. To counter foreign and domestic competition various aspects are being developed. ACTAVIS AD in 2002 became the only European pharmaceutical company with a... An analysis of   the market status of Actavis AD   within the Bulgarian pharmaceutical industry, along the significant economic   determinants operating in all markets, namely, supply and demand, barriers to entry and the pricing of goods, production cost and profit, aids in understanding the company’s market status and in devising future strategies.Within the Bulgarian pharmaceutical sector the demand is mostly created by the public funds, namely National Health Reimbursement Fund; hospitals and Ministry of Health centralized tenders. The demand market is differentiated along three parameters, namely those goods which are reimbursed and those which are free sales ones; those which are for sale in hospitals and those which are sold at pharmacies; those which are patented and those which are generic. There is a possibility to enhance the demand in the pharmaceutical market. The supply market can best be represented by the volume in the pharmaceutical market. The market su pply volumes merely indicate the part of the demands which has been satisfied, the actual sales. Actavis Ad enjoys significant market volume (35% in terms of market volume share and 18% in terms of market value share). It emerges as the clear leader outrunning its major business rival Sopharma by 8% in terms of market value share. Despite the small size of the Bulgarian pharmaceutical market(Polish market being ten times bigger) Actavis has recorded a significantly high growth rate attributed to it’s ever expanding portfolio in generic products, commitment.

Macro Economic Policy in both the UK and the Europe area Research Proposal

Macro Economic Policy in both the UK and the Europe area - Research Proposal Example According to the classical point of view, the business cycles are the result of disturbances in the production and spending. The Real Business Cycle theory is the extended version of the classical theory, which sees business cycle as the result of the productivity shocks. According to the Real business cycle theory, the reduction in the productivity at temporary basis creates a declining effect on the real wages, employment level, and output and increase the interest rate and the prices. The RBC theory finds a positive relationship between the business cycle and the level of real wage, prices and the overall productivity level of Labour. On the other hand, the theory asserts a negative relationship between the price level and the business cycle. The anti-cyclical trend of the price level is taken as a failure by many of the critics of the theory. Except the productivity shocks the increase in the Government purchase also increase the employment level, the interest rate, and the price level. Hence the classical model undertakes the study of both fiscal factors and the productivity shocks. Although the fiscal policy can play its part in order to improve employment level and output the classical economists do not support the role of Government action and state that the invisible hand can adjust the market to the most efficient level. In order to understand the practical applications of all these above theories, we will undertake the comparative study of macroeconomic policy in both the UK and the Euro area.... The RBC theory finds a positive relation ship between the business cycle and the level of real wage, prices and the overall productivity level of Labour. On the other hand the theory asserts a negative relation ship between the price level and the business cycle. The anti-cyclical trend of price level is taken as failure by many of the critics of the theory. Except the productivity shocks the increase in the Government purchase also increase the employment level, the interest rate and the price level. Hence the classical model undertake the study of both fiscal factors and the productivity shocks. Although the fiscal policy can play its part in order to improve employment level and output but the classical economists do not support the role of Government action and states that the invisible hand can adjust the market to the most efficient level. In order to understand the practical applications of all these above theories we will undertake the comparative study of macro economic policy in both the UK and the Euro area. 2- Aim: The aim of this research is to examine the role of the Classical, Keynesian and Real Business Cycle theory by undertaking a comparative analysis of the macro economic policy in UK and Europe. 3-Objectives To review the literature about this issue up till now. To improve the presentation of different economic indicators. To help common people understand the importance of macroeconomic policies. To assess and evaluate the gaps in the macroeconomic policies of UK and Europe by implementing the three major theories. Provision of suitable recommendations to undertake improvement in the macroeconomic policy area. Two views about the

Liverpool: History and Cultural Values

Liverpool: History and Cultural Values 1.0 History of Liverpool Liverpool beginning was a humble origins city and it as a tidal pool next to the River Mersey in northwest England. The name of Liverpool was evolved from liter pol and it meaning that muddy pool or puddle. Thus, from early until now it has developed and grown to become the choice for visitor to visit as one of the most famous cities in United Kingdom. Liverpool as a rich city in world history and many architecture and entertainers such as singer, actor, football player and others has been produced (Lambert, 2015). The port of Liverpool was founded by King John in 1270. Recently the English conquest the Ireland and John and it also needed another port to send some people and supplies across to the Irish Sea. King John also divided the land of Liverpool into plots called burgages to let people could built houses on it. Besides, he also invited people to some Liverpool and live it. After that, there are probably around 1,000 populations live in Liverpool on the 14th century. Most of the people live in Liverpool which is farming, fishermen, craftsmen with tradesmen such as butchers, carpenters, bakers and blacksmiths. Besides, in the Middle Age, some of wine from France was imported through the Liverpool however Ireland was the main trading partner with Liverpool. Hides and skins were imported from Ireland and Liverpool also exported the iron and wool (Localwiki, 2009). In the 16th century, Ireland was still the main trading partner with Liverpool and Liverpool also started to develop the reputation for trading port. Other than that, in the 16th century and early 17th century, the port of Liverpool also gets the benefited when the number of English troops was garrison into the area prior and it was to put down the rebellions when shipped to Ireland. At this time, Liverpool was growing and the population will probably reached around 2,500 by the time of civil war in 1642 (Localwiki, 2009). Furthermore, in the 18th century, the first dock was built in the Liverpool since 1715. In the previous of Liverpool, all the ship was just simply tied up by the store and the port was grown busier on it and no longer enough. After that, there were four dock was built in the same century. Besides, the third largest port in the country behind the Bristol and London was grown by Liverpool. Since it nearest port to Manchester and Liverpool also benefited from the grown of industry. In 1776, the American War of Independence was started and it also disrupting the Liverpool’s trade. Besides, the American privateer attacked merchant shipping from British trading with the West Indies and also capturing cargoes and the ships (Lambert, 2015). For the next century, all the Liverpool’s amenities was improved and many impressive public buildings and structures appear throughout the town such as Philharmonic Hall built in 1849, the Central Library built in 1852, St Georges Hall built in 1854, William Brown library built in 1860, Stanley Hospital built in 1867 and Walker Art Gallery built in 1877. Thus, the Stanley Park was opened in 1870 and Sefton Park was built in 1872. Other than that, in 1880 the Liverpool officially becomes a city. Besides, at the same time the population has increased beyond 600,000 (Lambert, 2015). In the 20th century, during World War II, Liverpool was represented an obvious target both as an active manufacturing centre and as a strategic port. Besides, it was also become Britain‘ssecond bombed city. Thus, almost 4,000 people were killed and more than half of the city was reduced to rubble. Furthermore, in the later 20th century, Liverpool was suffered a severe nationwide recession in 1970’s and 1980’s and it also rioting on the streets and high unemployment in the same time. After 1980’s, the city was started bounce back and all the dock areas would be redevelopment and new growth with invigorated (Johnson, 2015). Lastly, in the present future, Liverpool was still thriving and in 2001 The National Wild Flower Centre was opened. Then in 2008, Liverpool was the European Capital of Culture. Other than that, Joe Anderson was the first elected mayor of Liverpool in 2012 and today Liverpool’s population was beyond 465,000 (Lambert, 2015). 2.0 Reason of chosen city For the reason I choose Liverpool city because it was the world-class tourist with more galleries and museums anywhere outside of London. The city knows as a Beatles’ hometown and it is also designated UNESCO World Heritage City. Besides, Liverpool has some city’s greatest cultural institutions such as architecture, world-class music, theatre, art and others. People those who live in Liverpool love to attend the bursting cultural event and they also took part as their cultural activities. From grass-roots through to large-scale events, there is something for everyone in Liverpool and the wider City Region (Merseyside, 2015). There are many attractions in the city and it is also a place to visit when travel to the Liverpool. The attractions included The Beatles Story, The Bluecoat, Tate Liverpool, Liverpool World Museum, Open Eye Gallery, FACT (Foundation for Art and Creative Technology), The Museum of Liverpool, Royal Liverpool Philharmonic, Walker Art Gallery and other s (The Culture Trip, 2015). The most impressive in Europe is Liverpool’s collection of museum. The Beatles Story is one of Liverpool famous band in the world and it is also immensely proud to be birthplace in the city. Albert Dock is an iconic museum set place for The Beatles Story and it also let the visitors on â€Å"times, music and an unforgettable journey into the lives of The Beatles Story†. Other than that, The Bluecoat described as Liverpool’s creative hub and it also presenting world-class performances in visual art, live art, literature, dance and music. In short, The Bluecoat is one of the pinnacles in the city as a contemporary arts scene. Liverpool World museum, the Museum of Liverpool, Merseyside Maritime Museum, International Slavery Museum and others are located around the Albert Dock and this all are the most famous museum for people visit (Visit Liverpool, 2015). Furthermore, Tate Liverpool also one of attraction in city and it is top ranking art gallery and museum in the United Kingdom. Inside the Tate Liverpool has 16th century until today artworks for permanent collection displays. This is practitioner most excited to the temporary display providing the most advanced exhibitions. Besides, Tate Liverpool also use talk, film screening and others to held the fantastic educational events to adults and children. Tate Liverpool just the one of gallery in the city and still have other gallery to attract people going for it such as Open Eye Gallery, FACT (Foundation for Art and Creative Technology), Walker Art Gallery, and others (Visit Liverpool, 2015). In addition, the most impressive in Europe is Liverpool’s Royal Liverpool Philharmonic. It has been promoted as one of the UK’s most forward-looking music organizations. The Royal Liverpool Philharmonic is performance the world-class orchestral as well as chamber and choir music concerts. The organization wants to train the talent and also support their musical careers (The Culture Trip, 2015). This is the reason why I choose the city and there are many attractions for me to look for itto understand their city’s culture and value. Liverpool is one of the famous city in Europe and also has many areas that different with other city. 3.0 The Significance of the City Liverpool is significance and international standing history city as well as it is contemporary and historical cultural achievements in the field of sport and music to celebrated by global. Other than that, Liverpool is also an eminent historic role in international seaport from early 18th century to early 20th century for outstanding universal value. This is proof that the role of surviving urban landscape (Green, 2015). In the period from early 18th century to early 20th century, the fundamental for human society had been changed by worldwide. For these changes, Liverpool has played major role with it especially to the New World and it also through to involve in development of world trade, the growth of the British Empire, the Industrial Revolution and the mass movement of people. Thus, Liverpool also described as pioneering city and made it an international leader in the field of dock technology to development of innovation for tradition. Besides, it includes the transport systems, port management and building construction methods for the tradition of innovation development (Green, 2015). On the other hand, Liverpool is integration and complete urban landscape which is comprises many heart of Liverpool city. It also provides the city coherent evidence and tangible of significance and historic character. Thus, the nomination site contain architectural legacy and it also has cultural collections and historian’s rich cultural legacy (Green, 2015). In the 21th century, the city is at the forefront of urban renaissance and contains many successful and pioneering in the historic context for urban renaissance. The inscription nomination is an important step in the continuing regeneration of the city (Green, 2015). 4.0 Cultural Culture Values Every country had their own culture and value by citing real and especially Eastern and Western country are totally different in cultural and value. The different cultural and value included language, communication, custom, religion, concept of face, group orientation and others. All of this can different the Eastern and Western country cultural and value. In this assignment, I will compared the differences between Liverpool and Malaysia in their cultural and value. Liverpool is one of the United Kingdom’s cities which are the cultural and value will follow the United Kingdom. Language The language in United Kingdom basically does not have official language constitution but the main language will be English. This is because most of the populationgot 70% spoken English and thus it becomes facto official language. It also got other local language such as Irish, Welsh,Cornish, Gaelic, Ulster Scots and British Sign Language. Much immigration would like go to the country find works or get better life so immigration naturally brings a lot of foreign language from all over the world. On the other hand, in Malaysia, there are three languages which are Malay, Chinese and India because Malaysia is multiracial country so basically the three languages will be use for each resident in country. But the official language would be the Malay language and it is also translates as â€Å"Malaysian Language†. The main language was introduced by National Language Act 1967. Most of government official and academics will revertto the Federal Constitution used in Malay version which is â€Å"Bahasa Melayu† (Kwintessential, 2014). Communication Style The communication style for the United Kingdom is direct communication and understatement as well as it is interesting mix communication style. When United Kingdom people communicate with other people will see as equal to themselves in class or rank. The United Kingdom is direct but modest. In Malaysia, the communication style is relying on non-verbal communication such as facial expressions, tone of voice, body language and others to maintain harmonious relations. This communication style tends to be indirect and subtle. Malay people won’t make the direct statement and they will hint at a point to talk with people because they feel that sometimes direct communication will might lead the person lose face. Besides, silence is also important element of Malaysian communication. They will do any pause before responding the question that means they would consider their respond carefully (Kwintessential, 2014). Gift Giving Etiquette When United Kingdom people exchanges gift with their family and friends, they will giving on birthday and Christmas only. The gift not to be so expensive but it also tries to find something that recipient’s interest. If people want visit other people home, it normally prepare a box of good chocolate, a good wine or flower to the person. Then, the gift is always opened when received. For the Malaysian people because there are three races in the country so every gift for the race will be different. For Malay people, they never give alcohol, do not give the toy dog and pig to children, do not give anything made by pigskin, avoid white wrapping paper as it symbolizes death and mourning and others. This is because the Malay cultural is different so everyone must respect to it. Besides, if want give the food for Malay people must be â€Å"halal† food. â€Å"Halal† word mean that permissible for Muslims. Other than that, if the gift giving to Chinese people and it is re fused before accept mean that resident is not greedy and it is also their traditional and cultural. Chinese people also emphasize the colour meaning which is black, white and blue mean in mourning and red, pink and yellow mean that happy. For the India people, they also emphasize the colour because they feel that different have different meaning such as red, green, yellow or other bright colour can bring the good fortune. If anyone want give the flower to India people as a gift, avoid give the frangipani because this flower they used in funeral wreaths. In short, this three race have the same feeling that the gift is generally not opened when receiving to represent they respect the giver (Kwintessential, 2014). Meeting and Greeting In the United Kingdom country, the residents have their own meeting and greeting. The common form of greeting is shake hand when first meet up and avoid prolonged eye contact because it will makes people feel uncomfortable. Besides, they also introduce a younger people to the elder people and lower status person to higher status person. When two people are similar in rank and age, they will introduce the one you know better. On the other hand, in Malaysia, the greeting in social context will depends on which ethnicity person to meeting. In general, most of Malay people will aware that shake hand is normal but for their cultural would slight different. Malay people could not be shake hand with heterosexual and they just only can shake with homosexual then after shake hand they must placing their hand on their heart represent they respect the person. For the Chinese people shake hand will be light and prolonged. Thus, Indian can shake hand with homosexual and when introduce with hetero sexual they just can smile and nodding the head is usually sufficient (Kwintessential, 2014). 5.0 Conclusion In conclusion, we can see that the history of Liverpool from early 14th century until the present future and understand how the Liverpool become the famous city in England. In the history, we also can know that much architecture had been built in different dock and every of architecture has their own story. Liverpool can be said that is no one knows about it to evolve until today famous city in England. All this is their Liver historical experience. Besides, there are also some attraction for me to interest know about their city and cultural value such as The Beatles Story, The Bluecoat, Tate Liverpool, Liverpool World Museum, Open Eye Gallery and others. All of this is their attraction place for people to visit and also enjoy their local customs. This is because Western country has totally different cultural with our Eastern country and this is chance to let us know about the Western country cultural and what the different with our country. It can improve our knowledge too. Lastly, the cultural and culture values would be different like what mention in above and different ethnicity of person have their own different cultural and also everyone must respect for each cultural.